The Ewha Medical Journal
Ewha Womans University School of Medicine
Original Article

Chemical Qualitative Analysis of Urinary Calculi

Jae Sik Kim, Bong Suk Shim

Copyright ⓒ 2006. Ewha Womans University School of Medicine. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Published Online: Mar 30, 2006

Abstract

Objectives

Chemical constituent of urinary stone is important for the management and the prevention of recurrence. We performed chemical analysis of the urinary stone and investigatedits chemical constituent.

Methods

From January 2003 to December 2005, stone fragments were collected after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, n=43), or removal by endoscopic procedure such as ureteroscopy (URS, n=93) and open surgical procedure such as cystolithotomy (n=8). So we had stone fragments from 144 patients totally.

Results

80 stone fragments were collected from male (55.6%), 64 stones from female (44.4%), and male to female ratio was 1.25 : 1. The mean age between males (mean age ; 47.2 years old)and females (mean age ,47.9 years old) was not different. The most frequently found location of urinary stones was ureter(91.0%) Of 144 patients in urine analysis,54 had pyuria (37.5%). The most frequently found constituent in stone fragments was that of calcium(n=119 , 82.6%). The 2nd constituent was phosphate (n=82 ; 56.9%). The 3rd was uric acid(n=33 ; 22.9%). The other constituents were ammonium(n=24 ; 16.6%) , carbonate (n=18 , 12.5%), magnesium (n=11 ; 7.6%). oxalate (n=3 ; 2.1%). Struvite stone (MAP stone ; magnesium+ammonium+phosphate)were found in 5 patients (3.5%) All of 5 patients having strivite stone had pyuria(100%).

Conclusions

Calcium is the most common chemical constituent in urinary stone. Urinary infection was complication in 100% of patients with MAP stones.

Keywords: Chemical analysis; Urinary calculi