| Age (yr) | 72.0±12.0 | 77.3±10.4 | 0.006 |
| Female | 15 (20.3) | 24 (36.9) | 0.029 |
| Underlying disease |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 25 (33.8) | 26 (40) | 0.448 |
| Respiratory disease | 17 (23.0) | 8 (12.3) | 0.102 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 (17.6) | 5 (7.7) | 0.084 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (4.1) | 3 (4.6) | 0.871 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 35 (47.3) | 27 (41.5) | 0.496 |
| Musculoskeletal disease | 1 (1.4) | 8 (12.3) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (18.9) | 15 (23.1) | 0.547 |
| Malignancy | 16 (21.6) | 4 (6.2) | 0.010 |
| Dementia | 10 (13.5) | 27 (41.5) | 0.000 |
| ECOG performance score | 3.60±0.82 | 3.52±0.83 | 0.547 |
| Previous hospital stays (day) | 48.2±62.1 | 425.0±982.5 | 0.001 |
| Previous hospital ICU stays (day) | 18.5±47.8 | 3.9±16.3 | 0.020 |
| Previous antibiotics use | 71 (95.9) | 24 (36.9) | 0.000 |
| Previous history of mechanical ventilation | 33 (44.6) | 8 (12.3) | 0.000 |
| Laboratory findings |
| White blood cells (/L) | 10,187±4,439 | 10,876±7,540 | 0.104 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.23±1.7 | 10.62±2.3 | 0.261 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 30.64±25.6 | 25.56±15.2 | 0.265 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.22±1.4 | 1.03±0.7 | 0.337 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.76±0.48 | 2.54±0.56 | 0.017 |
| Mortality | 25 (33.8) | 18 (27.7) | 0.438 |