| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of patients (eyes) | 21 (28) |
| Age (yr), mean±SD (yr) | 53.5±7.8 |
| Sex (male:female) | 14:7 |
| Severity, very severe NPDR:PDR | 11:17 |
| Refractive error (diopter), mean±SD | -0.27±1.6 |
| Hypertension (number of patients) | 7 |
| Duration of diabetes, mean±SD (yr) | 11.9±10.1 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mg/dL) | 8.1±1.2 |
| Insulin (number of patients) | 16 |