Table 1
Characteristics of study participants by maternal education level (%)

Characteristics Total 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(595,327) (61,347) (59,611) (63,129) (61,357) (58,475) (57,904) (54,219) (52,357) (49,441) (47,445) (30,042)
Sex Boy 50.6 51.2 51.4 51.2 51.2 50.9 50.5 50.6 50.6 50.6 50.5 44.9
Girl 49.4 48.8 48.6 48.8 48.8 49.1 49.5 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.5 55.1
School Middle school 45.5 47.8 47.2 46.8 46.1 45.2 45.2 44.1 42.5 42.6 43.7 49.1
High school 54.5 52.2 52.8 53.2 53.9 54.8 54.8 55.9 57.5 57.4 56.3 50.9
Grade Middle 1st 13.7 14.8 14.5 14.2 13.8 14.0 13.0 12.1 12.9 13.3 12.8 16.4
Middle 2nd 15.2 16.1 15.7 15.8 15.3 14.9 15.8 14.6 13.5 14.5 14.9 15.4
Middle 3rd 16.5 16.9 16.9 16.8 17.0 16.3 16.4 17.4 16.1 14.8 16.0 17.3
High 1st 17.8 17.6 17.5 17.9 17.8 18.0 17.7 18.0 19.1 17.7 16.5 17.2
High 2nd 18.1 17.5 17.5 17.6 18.1 18.0 18.3 18.5 18.8 19.9 18.7 16.0
High 3rd 18.6 17.1 17.8 17.6 18.0 18.7 18.8 19.4 19.5 19.9 21.1 17.7
Maternal education ≤Middle school 3.9 6.7 6.2 5.3 4.7 3.9 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.6
High school 47.6 56.8 54.9 53.4 52.5 50.4 46.8 43.5 41.8 38.9 35.5 33.3
≥College 48.5 36.5 38.9 41.3 42.8 45.7 50.2 54.0 56.0 59.2 62.9 65.0