Table 1
Characteristics of study participants by maternal education level (%)
Characteristics | Total | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
(595,327) | (61,347) | (59,611) | (63,129) | (61,357) | (58,475) | (57,904) | (54,219) | (52,357) | (49,441) | (47,445) | (30,042) |
Sex | Boy | 50.6 | 51.2 | 51.4 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 50.9 | 50.5 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 50.5 | 44.9 |
| Girl | 49.4 | 48.8 | 48.6 | 48.8 | 48.8 | 49.1 | 49.5 | 49.4 | 49.4 | 49.4 | 49.5 | 55.1 |
School | Middle school | 45.5 | 47.8 | 47.2 | 46.8 | 46.1 | 45.2 | 45.2 | 44.1 | 42.5 | 42.6 | 43.7 | 49.1 |
| High school | 54.5 | 52.2 | 52.8 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 54.8 | 54.8 | 55.9 | 57.5 | 57.4 | 56.3 | 50.9 |
Grade | Middle 1st | 13.7 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 16.4 |
| Middle 2nd | 15.2 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 15.3 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 14.5 | 14.9 | 15.4 |
| Middle 3rd | 16.5 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 17.3 |
| High 1st | 17.8 | 17.6 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 18.0 | 19.1 | 17.7 | 16.5 | 17.2 |
| High 2nd | 18.1 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.6 | 18.1 | 18.0 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 18.7 | 16.0 |
| High 3rd | 18.6 | 17.1 | 17.8 | 17.6 | 18.0 | 18.7 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 21.1 | 17.7 |
Maternal education | ≤Middle school | 3.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| High school | 47.6 | 56.8 | 54.9 | 53.4 | 52.5 | 50.4 | 46.8 | 43.5 | 41.8 | 38.9 | 35.5 | 33.3 |
| ≥College | 48.5 | 36.5 | 38.9 | 41.3 | 42.8 | 45.7 | 50.2 | 54.0 | 56.0 | 59.2 | 62.9 | 65.0 |