Orlistat [45] | Pancreatic and gastric lipase inhibitor | Obesity≥12 years of age | Not indicated | Flatulence, oily spotty stools, diarrhea, vitamin/mineral deficiency |
Exenatide [46] | GLP-1 agonist | T2DM in adults | <18 years of age for obesity (polygenic with the presence of diabetes, hypothalamic, syndromic) | Bloating, diarrhea, flatulence |
Liraglutide [47,48] | GLP-1 agonist | 3.0 mg of liraglutide approved for obesity in adolescents (12–17 years) with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity | Not indicated | Bloating, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, the elevation of pancreatic amylase and lipase |
Metformin [49] | Activation of protein kinase pathway | ≥10 years of age, T2DM | PCOS, insulin resistance, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, anti-psychotic medication–induced weight gain, stress eating/emotional eating | Bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, contraindicated with risk of lactic acidosis |