Table 2. Studies dealing with the occurrence of acute kidney injury among colorectal surgery patients receiving enhanced recovery after surgery perioperative care

Author	Year	Study design	Group	No. of patients	Population	AKI (%)	LOS (days)	LOS (days) of AKI patients vs. non-AKI in ERAS group	Other significant factors for AKI
Marcotte et al. [12]	2018	Retrospective cohort	ERAS vs. matched pre-ERAS	132 vs. 132	Colorectal resection (laparoscopy: 72.3%)	11.4 vs. 2.3, P<0.0001	5.5 vs 7.7, P<0.0001	8.40 vs. 5.11 (P=0.0037)
Wiener et al. [13]	2020	Retrospective cohort	ERAS vs. pre-ERAS (in the NSQIP registry)	572 vs. 480	Colorectal resection	13.64 vs. 7.08, (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.48−3.59, P<0.01)	7 (5−12) vs. 3 (2−6), P<0.01	Median 4 (IQR 4–9) vs. 3 (2–5), P=0.04	Smoking, ASA grade ≥3
Drakeford et al. [14]	2022	Retrospective cohort	AKI vs. non-AKI	n=555	Colorectal surgery +ERAS	13.4 (stage I: 11.2%, II: 2.0%, III: 0.2%)		Median 11 (IQR 5−17) vs. 6 (4−8), P<0.001	High preoperative creatinine level, open surgery, long anesthesia duration, major complications
Shim et al. [15]	2020	Retrospective cohort	(Intraoperative) oliguria* vs. matched non-oliguria	125 vs. 125	Laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection+ERAS	26.4 vs. 11.2, (OR 2.708, 95% CI 1.354−5.418, P=0.005)

AKI, acute kidney injury; LOS, length of hospital stay; ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; NSQIP, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Defined as <0.5 mL/kg/h.