The Ewha Medical Journal
Ewha Womans University School of Medicine
Case Report

A Case of Lipiodol Pneumonitis After Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

So-I Kim, Yoo-Ri Kim, Hyun-Mi Heo, Suh-Eun Bae, Myung-Won Lee, Yun-Jung Choi, Go-Heun Kim, Tae-Hun Kim, Kwon Yoo, Il-Hwan Moon
Corresponding author (ihmoon@ewha.ac.kr)

Copyright ⓒ 2009. Ewha Womans University School of Medicine. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Published Online: Sep 30, 2009

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of common causes of cancer-related death in Korea where the majority of HCC patients were Hepaitc B virus(HBV)carriers and have cirrhosis. Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is commonly applied to the treatment of multinodular HCC in Korea and careful selection of candidate is important for the risk of various side effects. Besides common side effects as fever, nausea, abdominal pain and elevation of liver enzyme, TACE may predispose to hepatic failure, ischemic cholecystitis, pulmonary embolism, cerebral embolism and pneumonitis. In previous studies, some cases of pulmonary and cerebral embolism cases were reported but lipiodol pneumonitis after TACE was rarely reported. A 65-year-old woman with a multinodular HCC associated with HBV infection, was treated with TACE. Seven days after the procedure, nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and dry cough developed. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities in whole lung fields, suggestive of lipiodol pneumonitis. After several days of supportive care with steroid administration, radiologic abnormalities and subjective symptoms were much improved, considered that the disease was compatible with lipiodol pneumonitis.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Transarterial chemoembolization; Lipiodol pneumonitis