, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Young Bok Lee, Hei Sung Kim, Jie Hyun Jeon, Gwang Seong Choi Scabies is a skin disease caused by the parasite
, Min Hyouk Beak, Won-joong Kim Although sciatica is commonly associated with lumbar spinal issues, it is important to acknowledge that non-spinal factors can also play a significant role in this condition. This is particularly relevant for female patients, in whom gynecologic conditions can lead to secondary sciatic neuropathy. Herein, we report the case of a 66-year-old woman who experienced posterolateral right lower extremity radiating pain. We initially performed a lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection, but the pain persisted. Subsequently, hip MRI revealed sciatic neuropathy adjacent to the pedunculated portions of a uterine myoma. We then performed a sub-gluteal sciatic nerve block under ultrasound guidance, resulting in significant relief of her pain. In conclusion, hip MRI can be helpful for the differential diagnosis of sciatica, and ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block can be considered an appropriate and effective treatment option.
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, Yong-Bum Joo, Jae-Young Park, Woo-Yong Lee Elbow pain is a common symptom encountered in clinical practice. Pathology can arise from any component of the joint, including the bone, tendons, ligament, bursa, or nerves. This paper discusses how elbow pain can be differentiated according to its anatomic location and presents the corresponding causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
, Il Tae Hwang Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death worldwide, and dyslipidemia is a major risk factor. Atherosclerosis can begin in childhood and continue into adulthood, thereby contributing to CVD development. Obesity is the most common cause of dyslipidemia, and the prevalence of childhood obesity and dyslipidemia is increasing worldwide, making it a public health concern. As clinical evidence has accumulated, guidelines for dyslipidemia in children have been continuously revised since 1992. The limitations of screening tests for individuals with a family history of dyslipidemia emphasize the necessity of universal screening, and non-HDL cholesterol assessment is recommended as a screening test for dyslipidemia in children. The guidelines for dyslipidemia in Korean children and adolescents published in 2017 recommend that non-HDL cholesterol screening tests be performed in non-fasting conditions at 9–11 years and 17–21 years of age. The main purpose of this article is to describe the history and rationale of lipid screening recommendations in children and adolescents and to review the currently recommended screening methods and treatments for dyslipidemia. (Ewha Med J 2022;45(3):e4)
, Jae Hyun Kim The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in youth, largely in correlation with an increase in childhood overweight and obesity. Youth-onset T2DM is a major public health concern worldwide, and tends to show more aggressive features than adult-onset T2DM. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the occurrence of complications and comorbidities. However, current treatment options are limited and only modestly successful in youth-onset T2DM. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in the understanding of youth-onset T2DM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM in youth. (Ewha Med J 2022;45(3):e3)
Despite recent advances in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, the ease of international travel and increasing global interdependence have brought about particular challenges for the control of infectious diseases, highlighting concerns for the worldwide spread of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Korea is also facing public health challenges for controlling imported cases of infectious diseases; dengue virus, which is the most commonly reported case of imported infectious diseases; the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections outside the Arabian Peninsula in 2015; and the Zika virus infection, which was declared by the WHO as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern." Although national and global partnerships are critical to controlling imported infectious disease threats, the role of local hospitals, public health sectors, and laboratory capacity remains the cornerstone for initial disease recognition and response. The current status of laboratory diagnosis for imported infectious diseases is reviewed.
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, Won Hee Yoon, Hyum Sook Kim, Mi Young Park, Young Ju Kim, Jung Ja Ahn, Bock Hi Woo Down syndrome is the most common autosomal abnormality disease which has multiple congenital anomalies, occurring in 1 of every 800 liveborn infants. Neonates who are affected with this disease comprise majority of the mentally retarded children. To prevent the birth of this congenital anomaly, prenatal diagnosis of Doen syndrome is important. We experienced a case of Down syndrome, diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in pregnancy for 15 weeks 6 days. We report here eith a brief review of the literatures.
, Un Kyo Chung, Seo Hee Yoon, Kyung-Hyo Kim, Hee Jung Choi We report two cases of dengue fever due to DENV-1 in the family members who returned from Manila, Philippines. Case 1: A 41-year-old female visited the clinic with a general weakness. She had a fever for 5 days. When she came back to Korea, her fever had subsided. The immunoglobulin M (IgM)-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dengue virus was positive. Case 2: A 11-year-old female was admitted to the pediatric department after reporting symptoms of fever and abdominal pain upon returning from the Philippines. The RT-PCR result for DENV-1 was positive in blood, but IgM came out negative. Dengue fever should be suspected for those who have returned from an endemic area with reports of febrile illness and rash, particularly if thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated serum aminotransferase are present. Using RT-PCR and serological test, the precise diagnosis should be made and proper management should be given to prevent secondary complications.
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, Jeong Wan Seo During the past decade, rates of
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To compare the diagnostic performance of a high-resolution picture archiving and communications system(PACS) workstation directly interfaced with computed tomography(CT) with hard-copy printouts and to compare the detection rate according to slice thickness in hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs).
Forty-six patients with 118HCCs underwent two-phase multi-detector row helical CT imaging of the entire liver after contrast administration. Late arterial phase images were obtained serially during a single breast-hold, and portal venous-phase images were then obtained. In soft-copy, images taken in each phase were reconstructed by 3mm and 7mm in thickness. Soft-copy readouts on a workstation in PACS and hard-copy printouts were independently compared for the presence of HCC by two radiologists unaware of the possible presence of tumors, and for each phase the detection rate was determined in 7mm thickness. The detection rate of HCC displayed on a workstation was analyzed in 3mm and 7mm thickness for each phase.
No significant differences in observer performance were observed between laserprinted hard copies and CT images displayed on a workstation(p>0.05). But the detection rate of HCC displayed on workstation was higher in 3mm thickness(p<0.05).
The diagnostic performance of CT hard copies is acceptable and comparable to a high-resolution PACS workstation in hepatocellular carcinomas and the detection rate of HCC on PACS workstation is significantly higher in thin slice thickness.
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