To compare the corneal reaction of the widely used viscoelastic substance such as Healon, Amvisc and newly developed and less expensive viscoelastis substance(2% Methylcellulose) which was made at our hospital. 0.2ml each of varrious viscous solution were injected into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes and their reactions were observed. BSS(Balanced Salt Solution) was used as a control.
1) Intraocular pressure was elevated to the peak in 1 hour after injection of BSS(26.6±7.2mmHg), in 3 hours after injectuon of Amvisc®(31.6±8.8mm), MC(28.7±5.5mmHg) and in 5 hours after injection of Healon®(30.8±7.3mmHg). Intraocular pressure returned to normal at 12 hours after injection of MC group and BSS group, while Healon® and Amvisc® group returned to normal at 24 hours.
2) Central corneal thickness was increased to the peak 24 hours after injection in all groups; Healon®(40.2±18.5 µm), Amvisc®(395±14.7µm), MC(421±17.4µm) and control BSS(409±20.2µm). Corneal thickness returned to normal after 4 days in Healon® and control groups but it took 6 days for Amvisc® and MC group.
3) The endothelial cell density 2 weeks after injection were healon 2287±l98cell/mm2. Amvisc® 2515±l8lcell/mm2, MC 2341±l73cell/mm2, and BSS 2726±85cell/mm2.
4) The endothelial cells under the scanning electron minoscope showed decreased microvilli and indistinct intercellular junction in all groups except control BSS group. Scanning electron micrograph 2 weeks after injection of Amvisc® showed the findings of more edematous endothelial cells compared with those of other groups.
, Soo A Oh, Kyoung-Eun Lee, Eun-Sun Yoo, Moon Young Choi, Jee-Young Ahn, Chu-Myong Seong Leukotriene B4(LTB4) is lipid mediator derived from membrane phospholipids during the process of inflammation, having many roles(ie; inducer of chemotaxis, the production of nitric oxide, transepithelial migration of neutrophil). The major activities of LTB4 include the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, suggesting that it may involve the process for transendothelial migration of nuclear cells in bone marrow environment. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have a cell signaling roles that are involved in signal transduction cascades of numerous growth factor-, cytokine-, and hormone-mediated pathways, and regulate many biological systems. In this present study, we focused on the role of LTB4 and ROS on transmigration of bone marrow nuclear cells across endothelial or stromal cell monolayer.
MS-5, murine stromal cell line cells, or bEnd.3, murine microvascular cell line cells, were grown to confluence on microporous transwell membrane. Murine marrow cells were placed on top of the prepared transwell membrane. The transwells were then seated in wells containing media and LTB4 with or without pretreatment of N-acetylcysteine(NAC), an oxygen free radical scavenger, or diphenylene iodonium(DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-like flavoproteins. Cells that migrated through the stromal or endothelial layer into the wells were assayed for transendothelial migration.
The numbers of migrated bone marrow nuclear cells through the bEnd.3 were increased by treatment of LTB4(control, 12.5±0.2%; 50nM, 22.7±0.9%; 100nM, 44.3±1.4%; 200 nM, 36.3±0.9%; p<0.05). The numbers of migrated bone marrow nuclear cells through the MS-5 were also increased by treatment of LTB4(control, 11.0±0.9%; 50nM, 25.7±0.9%; 100nM, 35.8±1.8%; 200nM, 32.1±0.9%; p<0.05). However, increasing effect of LTB4 to the transmigration of bone marrow nuclear cells through the MS-5 or bEnd.3 were inhibited by pretreatment of NAC or DPI.
Through our data, it is suggested that LTB4 could induce the transmigration of bone marrow nuclear cells and ROS might be involved on the transendothelial migration of bone marrow nuclear cells by LTB4. It would be very interesting to test the effects of LTB4 and ROS on stem cell mobilization and homing in the future.
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