Maligant testicular tumors in children are relatively rare and represent 1 percent of all malignant one in them. Since seventy per cent of pediatric testicular tumors are of germinal origin and eighty per cent of these are malignant embryonal cell carcinoma, any solid scrotal mass in a child must be considered malignant until proved otherwise. We observed one case of testicular embryonal cell carcinoma in 2 year-old male patient. The treatment was done by right inguinal radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with actinomycin D and vinblastine. Herein we reported a case of testicular embryonal cell carcinoma with a review of the litartures.

Abnormal germ cells in the lumens of the seminiferous tubules are present in the testis of the cryptorchism. Three cases among the eight cases of testicular biopsies in the cryptorchism showed abnormal germ cells. However, the patterns of carcinoma in situ(CIS) were not found. The characteristics of the abnormal germ cells are enlarged nuclei with prominent mucleoli and pale cytoplasm in the light microscope examinations. The ultrastructural features of these abnormal cells were different from the normal germ cells. The abnormal germ cells could be recognized with the light and electron microscopic examinations.

Primary tumors of the ureter are uncommon neoplasms, accounted for about 1 per cent of all urinary malignant lesions. Recently, the number of reported cases had increased.

We observed one case of primary ureteral tumor in 74 year-old male patient. The treatment was done by complete nephroureterectomy with an excision of a cuff of bladder wall around the ureteral orifice.

Herein we reported a case of primary ureteral tumor with a review of the literatures.

We observed one case of giant hydronephrosis, containing 7,500cc of urine. It was caused by stricture at uretero-pelvic junction and confirmed with retrograde pyeloureterogram.

Herein we reported this case with a review of the literatures.

A clinical study was made on 74 cases of genitourinary tuberculosis who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University during the period from April 1976 to August 1983, and following results were obtained.

1) There were 74 cases of genitourinary tuberculosis, 4.3% of total 1709 patients who were hospitalized during the period, and there was a tendency of decreasing annual incidence of genitourinary tuberculosis.

2) The age distribution showed the peak incidence in the young-adult group(56.7%) and the male to female ratio was 1:1.3.

3) Bilateral urinary tracts were affected in 9 cases(14.8%) among 61 cases, while only right urinary tract was involved in 24 cases(39.3%) and left one 28 cases(45.9%).

4) The initial chief complaints were frequency(59.5%), hematuria(32.4%), flank pain(29.7%), painful urination(27.0%) and scrotal swelling(17.6%), in the order of frequency.

5) Twenty four cases(32.4%) were consulted 6 months through one year after onset of symptoms.

6) Tuberculous disease other than genitourinary tract was noted in 32 cases(52.5%), of which 15 cases(24.6%) had pulmonary tuberculosis.

7) Urinalysis revealed hematuria in 54.0% of all cases, pyuria in 47.3% and proteinuria in 39.2%, and Acid-fast stain was positive in 27.0%.

8) On excretory urogram, non-visualization of the kidney was found in 33.8% of all cases, delayed visualization in 27.0%, calyectasis in 20.3% and ureteral deformity in 16.2%.

9) Among 60 operated cases, 39 cases(52.7%) were managed with nephroureterectomy, 11 cases(14.9%) with epididymectomy and 6 cases with urinary diversion after contralateral nephroureterectomy.

No abstract available.

Renal abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus develops from hematogenous spread of the organisms from a primary skin lesion, or is secondary to longstanding renal infection caused by gram negative organisms. Excretory urography is the most reliable investigative procedure although renal arteriogram is necessary frequently. In the early stage, cure is often possible with antibiotic therapy, but if not, surgical operation such as drainage of the abscess, heminephrectomy or even nephrectomy will be required.

We report a case of renal abscess diffusely involved in the left kidney, which was nephrectomized.

Spontaneous rupture of the kidney occurs rarely but has been associated with calculous disease, trauma and tumor. The literature on spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis was reviewed by Abeshouse in 1935 and again by Shaw in 1957. However, there has been a tendency for a rather wide variety of conditions to be included under this diagnosis. These have ranged from a simple pyelosinus reflux, on the one hand, to calculous perforation of the kidney and perinephric abscess on the other. In most instances, it is an acute abdominal process which requires early diagnosis and immediate surgical exploration. Authors experienced one case of spontaneous rupture of the kidney secondary to renal pelvis stone in 20 year old female, and report this case with the review of literature.

Simple cyst of the kindey is usually unilateral and single and usually involves the lower pole of the kidney. Although many of them are benign, a few have a tendency to become malignant. Asymptomatic simple renal cyst lies in the diagnostic delemma of determining whether the mass lesion is a cyst or a renal carcinoma. With the advent of many new diagnostic procedures, the diagnosis of renal cysts reaches 98% of accuracy. Authors experienced one case of simple renal cysy involved the upper pole of the right kidney in 48 year old female, and report this case with the review of literatures

Lymphangiography is the radiologic study that is not routinely performed because of its technical difficulty and highly skillful procedure. In cases of lymphoma and metastatic cancer of lymphatics, however, lymphangiography has a significant role in staging of tumor, determination of the therapeutic plan, follow-up study and evaluation of prognosis. The authors present 2 cases of successful lymphangiographies recently performed on seminoma and a penile carcinoma at Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital

Urethral syndrome is becoming a recognized pathological entity and had been linked to various lower urinary tract symptoms such as irritative manifestations, enuresis and urinary tract infections. Despite the intensity of symptoms, these patients have not significant urinary tract infection that is demonstrable. A clinical observation was made on the 26 cases of the urethral syndrome treated with internal urethrotomy and the following results were obtained. 1. Age distribution revealed 18 cases (69%) in 41 and 60 year old and 7 cases (27%) under 40 year old. 2. Duration of symptoms were various from a few month to several years. 3. The most common complaints were 10 cases of urinary frequency, 5 cases of dysuria and 3 cases of urgency. 4. Cystoscopic findings revealed 8 cases of trigonal hyperemia, 7 cases of trabeculation and 6 cases of congestion and vesicles of the bladder wall. 5. 26 cases associated with urethral stricture were improved with internal urethro tomy.

The etiology of congenital hydronphrosis are obstruction of urinary tract, underdevelpment of ureteral musculature and abnormality of nerve innervation in fetal life. The onset of symptom congenital hydronephrosis appears later and there are irreversible change of renal paranchyme in most cases. Therefore require early diagnosis and treatment. We experienced a case of congenital hydronephrosis containing about 1,500cc of hydronephorotic fluid, which was caused by congenital ureteropelvic junction stenosis and report this case with review of lite rature.

The urinary bladder consists of two functionally different units, the detrusor and the trigone, and receives autonomic innervations. The beta-adrenergic receptors are responsible for relaxation and prevail in the detrusor, while the alpha-adrenergic ones are responsible for contraction and are present predominantly in the trigone. The parasympathetic innervations are responsible for contraction in the entire urinary bladder muscle. The motor innervation of the urinary bladder is usually represented as cholinergic, therefore contraction of the urinary bladder by muscarinic agents or anticholinesterase is easily blocked by atropine. However, contraction of the urinary bladder by parasympathetic nerve stimulation or ganglionic nicotinic agents is highily resistant to blockade by atropine. Concerning these atropine-resistance phenomena, a number of hypotheses have been advanced to rationalize them. These hypotheses are of two types: 1) the postulate that all postganglionic motor transmission in the urinary bladder is cholinergic and atropine-resistance is due to peculiarities of the tissue or of atropine, and 2) the postulate that at least part of the transmission is noncholinergic. Ambache and Zar (1970) tried an experiment on transmission actions of catecholamine, serotonin, histamine, prostaglandin, and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) in noncholinergic transmission of the urinary bladder, however, they insisted that these substances are not true transmitter released from noncholinergic fibers to the bladder. Recently, evidence has been indicated that a purine nucleotide, probably, ATP, is the transmitter released from nonadrenergic, noncholinergic, inhibitory nerves to the gastrointestinal tract or excitatory nerves to the urinary bladder. It has been shown that purine nucleoddes cause contraction of dog, cat, rat, and rabbit urinary bladder. In this study, using the bladder strips of rabbit, cat, dog, and guinea pig, responses of the urinary bladder to purine nucleotides were observed. In addition, the influence of various blocking agents on the responses of the strip to purine nucleotide was investigated. Bladder strips about 1.5cm in length were carefully isolated from dome and trigone of the rabbit, cat, dog, and guinea pig. They were suspended in a muscle chamber containing 100ml of Tyrode solution maintained at a constant temperature of 38℃. The chamber was aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbondioxide bubbling through the bathing fluid by means of sintered glass plate at the bottom. The bladder strip was attached to the Grass force displacement transducer and the motility was recorded on a Grass polygraph(Model 7). When a stable motility level of the strip had been reached, several drugs were added to the muscle chamber and the changes of motility of the strip were observed. The results obtained are as follows; 1. ATP or ADP enhanced the spontaneous contraction of detrusor strip of rabbit, cat, dog, and guinea pig, while it unaffected the motility of trigone strip. 2. Contractile response of detrusor strip to ATP or ADP was not blocked by pretreatment with atropine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, procaine, procainamide, lidocaine, oxytocin, or prostaglandin F_2α. 3. Contractile response of detrusor strip to ATP or ADP was blocked by pretreatment with quinidine or quinine. From the above results, it is suggested that the detrusor of urinary bladder is innervated by noncholinergic excitatory purinergic receptor which is blocked by quinidine.