The study was performed to get the basic knowledge about the changes of the cyclic AMP concentration and protein contents in cultured human melanocyte during 7 weeks of cultivation.

The results are as follows :

1) The concentrations of cyclic AMP were linearly increased from the 1st week to the 3rd week up to 8.l0×10^-5 pmoles/cell and 0.85 pmoles/mg of protein, which were found to be 2.88-fold and 1.73-fold larger than the those of the 1st week's cultivation. The concentrations of cyclic AMP then gradually decreased from the 3rd week to the 7th week of the cultured-lifespan.

2) The biosynthetic amount of protein was found to be 1.74×10^-5mg/cell on the 1st weekand 9.51×10^-5mg/cell on the 3rd week of cultivation. Values were gradually declined from the 3rd week to the 7th week of cultivation.

In the present investigation, it is clear that the amount of protein content and the concentration of cyclic AMP in the cultured human melanocytes derived form the epidermis of human skin were vividly increased up to the 3rd week of cultivation.

Thus, it might be suspected that the suitable time for the successful transplantation of cultured human melanocytes is around the 3rd week of cultivation.

Graular cell tumor is a rare benign lesion of unknown histogenensis.

A 51-year-old female had a 1.0cm sized, asymptomatic, firm nodule with erythematous, shiny, and smooth surface on her right side of posterior neck for 1 year. Excisional biopsy was done under the impression of epidermal cyst. The histologic specimen showed irregularly arranged dermal nests of large polyhedral cells containing small nuclei and coarsely granular eosinophilic granules within the pale cytoplasm. The granules were PAS-positive and diastase-resistant.

Recurrence was not found until 1 year after excisional treatment.

We report a case of hyperkeratosis of the areola in 18-year-old woman. One year ago. verrucous thickening and dark brownish discoloration developed on the right areola. The patient showed no evidence of associated skin changes. either epidermal nevus or ichthyosis and had no history of estrogen therapy or pregnancy.

Histologic findings showed mild hyperkeratosis. papillomatosis. keratotic plug. elongation of rete ridge, and increased pigmentation in the basal cell layer.

We present herein a case of allergic granuloma due to cosmetic tattoo in eyebrow which developed in a 45-year-old female. She was seen with itching erythematous hard papules and plaques on the tattooing site.

Histopathologic findings reveled allergic granulomatous infiltration and brown pigment, and quantitative analysis by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer were done with brown and black dye biospy specimen. 0.03 ppm chrome was found in the biospy specimen patch test was showed strong positive reaction to potassium dichromate.

We have tried intralesional injection of triamcinolone for 10 months with 3 weeks interval.

We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in arsenic keratosis occuring in the hand and foot of 63-year-old male.

He had past history of arsenic ingestion and about fifteen years ago, several verrucous papules developed on the hand and foot. But on left sole, aggravating erosive lesion developed. The histopathologic study showed finding of squamous cell carcinoma. Excision and skin graft was done and we are following now.

In 1967, Mehregan et al described a new and distinct clinicopathologic entily that called reactive pergorating collagenosis. This rare disease is classfied with a group of disorders that involve the transepithelial elimination of hestochemically altered dermal tissue. In reactive perforating collagenosis, minor trauma such as an insect bite, scratch, or pliodrbaceous infection alters the collagen fibers in the dermis. We report here a case of reactive perforating collagenosis in a 54-year-old female patient without any associated disseases of specific family history.

The sale of hair products has expanded enormously in the last decade. Shampoos constitue the bulk of these products, and shampooing is almost a daily rite for many persons. Especially medicated shampoos & topical steroids were using due to dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis.

Twenty patients with dandurff were treated for 3 weeks by 2.5% selenium sulfide shampoo, 0.15% zine pyrithione shampoo, 2% ketoconazole shampoo, 0.1% hyprocortisone butyrate lotion. All of 4 groups, there corneocyte & nucleocyte counts were decresed remarkably after treatment. And then, we thought that it may be the more effective treatment with low side effect, if adequate combination of these medicated shampoos and topical steroid were used in dandruff and sebrorrheic dermatitis patients.

Eccrine hidrocystoma is small, translucent, smooth, shiny and often bluish colored, domeshaped cystic structure that occurs most often in a periobital area. The histologic finding of an intradermal cyst with a thin wall composed of two layers of eosinophilic-staining cuboidal cells in dilated eccrine glandular & ductal sturcture.

We present a case of multiple eccrine hidrocystoma occuring on the face, especially both eyelids & cheeks in a 70-year-old female patient.

The connecitve tissue nevus represents a hamartoma of various components of dermal connective tissue elements, predominantly collagen, elastin or glycosaminoglycans. We present a case of connective tissue nevus on both hands, right elbow, right knee area. This case was a 9-year-old male who have had skin colored or yellowish plaques without subjective symptoms and there was no trauma histroy.

Sudoriparous angioma or eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is an unusual form of angioma with pain and hyperhidrosis over the lesion in clinically, and a hamartoma in which histologically, eccrine sweat apparatus and vascular elements is present in the same lesion. We present a case of typical sudoriparous angioma occuring on the left ankle area in a 17-year-old female patient.

Focal acral hyperkeratosis is clinically identical to acrokeratoelastoidosis but histologically lacks the elastorrhexis which is a feature of acrokeratoelastoidosis. We present a case of focal acral hyperkeratosis in a 50 year old woman. About 20 years ago, a few pinhead sized papules developed on radial side of index fingers. Thereafter size and number of papules have been gradually increased to cover entire hands sparing palms and dorsa of feet. The histopathologic study showed characteristic findings of focal acral hyperkeratosis. After treatment with etretinate, the size and thickness of lesions were reduced.

This present study was performed to evaluate the comedogenicity of several cosmetics. The test materials were applied to one ear canal of three rabbits daily for 6 weekdays for 2 weeks.

The results were as follow :

1) Among the 14 cosmetics, extremely weak comedogenicity was shown in one cosmetic, mild comedogenicity in 10 cosmetics and moderate comedogenicity in 3 cosmetics.

2) There were no significant differences of comedogenicity among cosmetic species.

3) The rabbit ear assay was a rapid, effective screening test for evaluation of comedogenicity of cosmetics.

Langerhans cells are immunocompetent, dendritic cells of bone marrow derivation that reside within the epidermis. Langerhans cells have been implicated as playing a key role in the processing and presentation of antigens to lymphocyte in contact allergic cell-mediated immune reactions.

The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the effect of topical glucocorticosteroids on the number and the morphological alterations of epidermal Langerhans cells. Three kinds of topical glucocorticosteroids with different potency were applied to the back of guinea pig twice. a day for 14 days. Skin specimens were taken 2nd, 7th, 14th day of the application and 7th day after cessation of application. The ATPase stain and electron microscopic observations were performed to assess the numbers and morphological alterations of epidermal Langerhans cells.

The following results were obtained:

1) The number of epidermal Langerhans cells significantly decreased after 7 days applications of glucocorticosteroids in all experimental groups compared with control(p<0.05).

2) In each experimental group, the decrease of the number of epidermal Langerhans cells was more significant in 0.5% concentration than those in 0.1% concentrations(p<0.05).

3) The difference of effects on Langerhans cell density between corticosteroids was significant(p<0.05).

4) The morphological changes of epidermal Langerhans cells were prominent from 7th day of the application of glucocorticosteroids. Many Langerhans cells showed shortness of dendritic processes, decreased staining properties, enlargement of nuclear chromatin, swelling of mitochondria, dilatation of perinuclear cisternae and endoplasmic reticulum.

In summary, decrements in Langerhans cell density were correlated with the concentration and potency of the topical glucocorticosteroids.

We present two cases of childhood dermatomyositis. Case 1 was a 4 year old girl who developed erythematous swelling on the face, violaceous papules on the dorsum of the hands, and progressive muscle weakness which led to walking difficulty. Case 2 was a 11 year old girl who had diffuse erythematous confluent patches with fine scales on the face. Poikilodermatous changes on the whole body and progressive muscle weakness in lower extremities developed. These cases were confirmed by clinical appearance, laboratory findings and histopathologic findings.

Pemphigus erythematosus(Senear-Usher syndrome) was originally described by Senear and Usher as a type of pemphigus with features of lupus erythematosus. We present two cases of pemphigus erythematosus on the face and trunk. The case 1 was a 41-year-old female who have had erythematous scaly patches and a few flaccid bullae, and treated by corticosteroids and azathioprine. The case 2 was a 42-year-old male who have had same lesions and treated by corticosterids.

We present two cases of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta occurring on the whole body. The case 1 was a 13 year old male who have had papulosqamous, hemorrhagic lesions and were treated by tetracyclines. The other case was a 32 year old female who have had scaly erythematous papules and were treated by etretinates.

We present a case of lipogranulomatosis subcutanea occuring on the legs of 15-year-old female. She was seen with twelve erythematous rice to pea sized tender papules on legs. Twelve months ago, several erythematous papules appeared and disappearance and recurrence of a few lesions has repeated. Histopathologic finding of macrophage stage was shown. Treatment with isoniazid was done and recurrence does not occur until now.

Melanin is synthesized by tyrosine by tyrosinase. The synthesis of melanin is influenced by several factors, of which ultraviolet radiation results in increased pigmentation by increase of tyrosinase activity and melanocyte number. To observe the effect of depigmentation of ascorbic acid, we induced activation of melanocytes and melanin pigmentation by UVB irradiation and then topically applied ascorbic acid. Sixty four mice were irradiated UVB 100mJ/cm²/day for 10 days. After then they were divided into 8 groups in random and the topical application of ascorbic acid on each group is as follows, lotion base(control), 3% lotion, 5% lotion, 10% lotion, cream base(control), 3% cream, 5% cream and 10% cream. After irradiation ascorbic acid had been topically applied twice a day on both ears of mice, respectively, for 7 weeks. Two mice in each group were sacrified by the end of the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th week of the application. To observe the size and number of melanosomes, electron microscopic examination was done. To estimate the number of the melanocytes, light microscopic preparation of split-DOPA stain was done. The results are summarezed as follows: 1) In all groups except 3% lotion group(3% magnesium ascorbic acid phosphate), the number of DOPA positive melanocytes began to decrease from 1 week but rather increased at 7 weeks. 2) In 5% lotion group(5% magnesium ascorbic acid phosphate) the number of DOPA positive melanoctytes was significantly decreased less than that in 5% cream group (5% ascorbic acid palmitate) 3) In the electron microscopic findings, the number of melanosomes and the ratio of the stage IV melanosomes markedly decreased from 1 week to 7 weeks in 10% lotion group(10% magnesium ascorbic acid phosphate) and 10% cream group(10% ascorbic acid palmitate) compared to lotion base and cream base, respectively.

Over-exposure to sunlight may result in sunburn, pigmented skin lesions, solar keratosis, premature aging of skin, or cancer in human skin. Sunscreens protect the structure and function of the human integument from the actinic damage. This protective effect is afforded by active ingredients of sunscreens through absorption, reflection, and/or scattering of the solar radiation impinging on the skin. There are oral and topical sunscreens. Para-aminobenzoic acid(PABA), PABA esters, benzophenones(BZ), cinnamates, salicylates and anthranilates are the topical sunscreens absorbing solar radiation. Most of them absorb UVB, but BZ absorb both UVB and UVA. These investgators observed the effect of the sunscreens by calculating sun protection factor(SPF) before and after application of the sunscreens in human skin. To my knowledge, there are no papers which evaluate morphological changes in the epidermal melanocytes after UVB or UVA irradiation following application of the sunscreens. In this experiment, a total of 150 adult male black mice(C57BL) was used. The animals were divided into one control (application of hydrophilic ointment base) and four experimental(application of PABA, Cinnamate, BZ or homomenthylsalicylate (HMS)) groups. Each group was irradiated by UVB and UVA, respectively. Each of the 5 groups were divided into 5 subgroups according to the days of UV light irradiation ; subgroup A for 2 days, B for 4 days, C for 6 days, D for 8days and E for 10 days. The daily doses of UVB and UVA were 50mJ/cm^2 and 5J/cm^2 respectively. YS UVB-400 and Waldmann UV 800 were used as a light source of UVB and UVA. Skin specimens were taken from both ears of the animals 24h after the last irradiation. The split-DOPA preparation was carried out for observation of the numbers and morphological changes of the epidermal melanocytes. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Changes in the numbers of the epidermal melanocytes : The numbers of the epidermal melanocytes markedly decreased in the experimental groups, especially in the group of PABA application(p<0.01), compared in the control group under UVB irradiation (p<0.01). However, only the group of BZ application showed a significant decrease in the numbers compared to the control group under UVA irradiation(p<0.01, p<0.05). 2. Changes in the size of the epidermal melanocytes ; Each experimental group, especially the group of PABA application (p<0.01), showed a significant decrease in the sizes of the epidermal melanocytes under UVB irradiation(p<0.01, p<0.05). On the other hand, only the group of BZ application showed a significant decrease in the sizes compared to the control group under UVA irradiation(p<0.05) From the results, it seems to be sure that PABA, Cinnamate, BZ, HMS can protect UVB from sunlight in the skin of black mice. Furthermore, BZ was effective for protection of UVB and UVA together.

We present herein a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from leukoplakia developed in 1 51-year-old male. He has had a walnut sized whitish plaque with a central ulceration for one year. Histopathologic findings grade II of squamous cell carcinoma. Ten months after irradiation, he died.

We present herein a case of sclerosing hemangioma which developed in a 36-year-old woman. She has had a pea sized bluish black firm nodule for 1 year. Histopathological findings revealed a noncapsulated dermal infiltration of histiocytes and fibroblasts, characterized by numerous capillaries with prominent endothelial cells, and large amounts of hemosiderin.

No abstract available.

Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota - like macules is a new entity of dermal melanocytosis which differ clinically from bilateral nevus of Ota in its late onset and no mucosal. involvement. They are blue - brown macules of face occurring symmentrically on both sides of the forehead, temples, eyelids, malar areas, alae nasi, and root of nose. Recently, we have observed 3 cases of acquired bilateral neves of Ota - like macules on face in Korean women.

Lentiginosis profusa is characterized by the numerous dark brownish macules on whole body without anomalies of other organ and occurs from birth to early adulthood and has not family history. Two cases of lentiginosis profusa were confirmed by characteristic clinical and histopathological findings. On physical examination, they were well developed, chest roentgenogram and electrocardiogram were within normal limit. On histopathologic examination of dark brown macule showed a slight to moderate elongation of rete ridge and increase of both melanocyte number and melanin amount at basal cell layer.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is an uncommon, raised, fibrous tumor of the skin characterized by a marked tendency to recur locally infrequent metastasis and difficulty of histologic diagnosis. There are several cases reporting origin of this tumor in a previous burn or surgical scar raised the question of a causal relationship. The authors report a case of DFSP, developed in an old burn scar of a 58-year-old man. There was no evidence of metastasis.

The clinical and histopathological analysis was done on 28 cases of basal cell epithelioma encountered in the Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University Hospital during the past 7 1/2 years period from January 1976 to June 1983. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Of 28 patients, 15 cases were male and 13 cases were female with ratio of 1.16:1. 2) Average age was 53.5 years ranging from 15 to 90 years with the highest incidence rate in the age group 60-69 years. 3) Three cases of basal cell epithelioma in the young age group developed from xeroderma pigmentosum. 4) The average duration of disease was 7.5 years ranging from 1 to 20 years. 5) Twenty seven cases(96.4%) occured on face comprising 11 cases on nose, 8 cases on lower eyelid, 3 cases on cheek, each 1 case on forehead, eyebrow, upper lip, angle of mouth and mandible, and remaining 1 case occured on back. 6) The most common noduloulcerative lesion was observed in 7 cases(25.0%), and then followed by(in order)adenoid type and sclerosing type 6 cases (21.4%) respectively, mixed type 5 cases(17.9%) and keratotic type 4 cases(14.3%).

Sebaceous hyperplasia, also called senile sebaceous hyperplasia refers to a benign enlargement of normal sebaceous unit in the old age group. The lesions, single or multiple, elevated, cream to yellowish colored round papules with frequent central umbilication have a predilection for the forehead and cheeks. We present an atypical case of sebaceous hyperplasia on a 31-year-old man. About 15 years ago, a small skin colored papule developed on his right cheek without pre-existing skin eruption or trauma history. The asymptomatic papule enlarged slowly reaching up to a walnut sized plaque.

Herpes zoster characterized by the several groups of vesicles on an erythematous and edematous base situated unilaterally along the distribution of a cranial or spinal nerve leading to one posterior ganglion, often with some overflow into the neurotomes above and below. The onset is rapid, with fever and neuralgic pain(except in persons under 30, as a rule) after an incubation period of seven to 12 days. Zoster is the result of a recrudescence of varicella-zoster virus(VZV) infection. The pathogenesis of herpes zoster is not fully understood. During the course of varicella. VZV passes from lesions in the skin and mucosal surfaces into the contiguous endings of sensory nerves and transported centripetally up the sensory fibers to the sensory ganglia. Although the latent virus in the sensory ganglia retains its potential for full infectivity, reversions are sporadic and infrequent. The mechanisms involved in the reactivation of latent VZV are unclear, but a number of conditions have been associated with the occurrence and localization of herpes zoster. These include immunosuppression in Hodgkin's disease and other malignancies, administration of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids, irradiaion of the spinal column, tumor involvement of the cord, dorsal root ganglia, or adjacent structures, local trauma, surgical manipulation of the spine, heavy-metal poisoning or therapy, and frontal sinusitis as a precipitant of ophthalmic zoster. To detect the general tendency of herpes zoster on these days, 120 patients of herpes zoster at the OPD of dermatology department in Ewha Womans University Hospital during 2 years from Jun 1 1978 to May 31 1980 were analized. The results are as follows: 1) It occurs frequently among females(Male:Female = 1:1.6). 2) Peak age incidence is from 50 to 59(20.0%). 3) There seems to be no seasonal predilection or correlation with varicella epidemics. Monthly distribution: from 5.0% to 11.7% Seasonal distribution: from 20.8% to 30.0% 4) Herpes zoster associated with tuberculosis and hypertension were 4 cases respectively. 5) The most frequently affected dermatomes are thoracie nerve(50.8%), cervical nerve and ophthalmic division of trigerminal nerve.

The psoriasis plaque test, as a clinical and non-artificial model, provides information on the antiproliferative effect of topical corticosteroids, and it makes possible to ealuate various preparations simultaneously at a given time. In this assay we compared the antiproliferative effects of six topical corticosteroids with occlusive dressing technique in fourteen psoriatic patients. The results are summerized as follows : 1) The psoriasis plaque test was an adequate method for evaluating antiproliferative effects of various corticosteroid preparations. 2) In contrast to prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide, the effects of desoxymethasone, halcinonide, fluocinide, triamcinolone benetonide were evident, and the best of all was desoxymethasone. 3) No side effect developed during test period.

The change of the skin are acute reaction of erythema or sunburn, and/or prolonged and accumulated exposure commonly associated with degenerative changes, skin, aging, actinic keratosis and carcinoma after exposure to ultraviolet light. Topically applied protective agents are screen or barriers, absorb light of a particular wavelength or reflect it, which protect viable cells and has been used to decrease the risk of development, to prevent exacerbation of photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders, as melasma and freckles. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and comparative the several sunscreen agents available on the human skin of 40 healthy volunteers by indoor method and sunlight. The results were as follows: 1. In the development of minimal erythema doses, the average noted 4.8 minutes in ultraviolet light-B, 12.6 minutes in ultraviolet light-A, and 15.4 minutes in sunlight. 2. The sunprotective factors of 1.7% p-aminobenzoic acid, 0.3% benzophenone in cream were 12.1 in ultraviolet light-B, 8.2 in ultraviolet light-A, 6.3 in sunlight with highest effectiveness, and that of 5% p-amino-benzoic acid in oil were 1.6, 2.4, 1.3 with lowest effectiveness. 3. 1.7% p-aminobenzoic acid, 0.3% benzophenone in cream gave protection similar to that of 5% p-aminobenzoic acid in 70% ethylalcohol. 4. In the vehicle, the effectiveness of alcohol type agent is better than that of oil type of 5% p-aminobenzoic acid.