A Bankart lesion is a tear of the labrum, the ring of cartilage that encircles the shoulder joint socket, that can occur when the shoulder is dislocated. This injury frequently affects young athletes and is associated with shoulder instability. This review was performed to provide an overview of anterior shoulder instability, with an emphasis on rehabilitation and the return to sports following arthroscopic Bankart repair. We searched the Google Scholar and PubMed academic databases through February 18th, 2024, utilizing keywords including “arthroscopic Bankart repair” and “return to sports”. Our findings indicate that athletes who undergo arthroscopic Bankart repair exhibit higher rates of returning to sports compared to those who receive other anterior shoulder stabilization procedures. Several factors are considered when determining readiness to return to athletics, including time elapsed since surgery, type of sport, strength, range of motion, pain, and proprioception. Surgeons typically advise athletes to wait approximately 6 months after surgery before resuming sports activities. They also recommend that athletes regain at least 80% of the strength of the uninjured shoulder or achieve strength levels comparable to those prior to the injury. Additionally, patients are expected to attain a full range of motion without pain, which should be symmetrical to the uninjured side, and demonstrate improved proprioception in the shoulder. The sport in which an athlete participates can also influence the timeline for return. Those involved in overhead sports, like baseball or tennis, often experience lower success rates in returning to their sport compared to athletes from other disciplines.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome and accounts for about 5% of colorectal cancer. It is inherited as autosomal dominant type and is caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes such as MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Patients with HNPCC are characterized by a high level of microsatellite instability. They commonly develop colorectal cancer at young age and increase risk of extra-colic malignancies, especially endometrial cancer. They also show better oncologic outcomes compared to sporadic colorectal cancer. Several tools are used in diagnosis of HNPCC, including history taking, microsatellite instability test, immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair protein, and gene test. Affected patients and their families should get genetic counseling and regular surveillance for cancers, which can improve their survival rate.

Diseases or traumas involving the spine occasionally cause severe vertebral body collapse to result in either spinal instability or neural deficit, or both. In methods of treatment, conventional decompressive laminectomy results in neural improvement, but it can cause local instability of spine and lead progressive neural deficit. Vertebral stabilization by using bone cement(methylmethacrylate) provides immediate stabilization and avoids bulky external-fixation devices and external supports. We report two cases of thoracic spinal stabilization by using bone cement.

The Arnold-Chiari Malformation is a cognenital disorder with symptoms such as ataxia, dissociated sensory loss, extremity pain, and frequently associated with other malformations of the same kind, including syringomyelia, basilar impression, atlantoaxial instability. The options for managements of the Chiari malformation have been under considerable debate, especially for case with syringomyelia. Presence of syrinx with evidence of motor weakness, sensory loss and ataxia has been reported as poor prognostic factor and may results in functional disability and dependency in activities of daily living and transfer. We report a case of Arnold-Chiari Malformation type I associated with syringomyelia and atlantoaxial instavility.

A 46 year-old man admitted to neurosurgery department with complaints of ataxic gait and decreased sensation in left extremities which were developed when he was 34 years old and aggravated slowly. 25 years ago he developed progressive weakness of intrinsic muscles of right hand. He was diagnosed as Arnold-Chiari Malformation type I. Under the diagnosis of atlantoaxial instability, the patient was treated with operation of craniocervical fusion and laminectomy at C2-C3 level. Despite these treatment, ataxic gait, motor weakness and sensory dissociation was not improved. After the patient was transferred to rehabilitation department, he received comprehensive rehabilitation program. The patient's functional independence measurement(FIM) score at admission was 72 and improved to 104 discharge. The patient was discharged with the state of the monocane ambulation. Like this case, Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia with the evidence of muscle atrophy, ataxia have poor prognosis, therefore early diagnosis and proper managements along with comprehensive rehabilitation is critical in obtaining the best outcome.